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21.
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Urolithiasis-Calcium Oxalate in Dogs
Calcium oxalate uroliths, also referred to as calculi, are stones within the urinary tract composed of the mineral calcium oxalate. Clinical symptoms depend on the size and number or uroliths as well as their location in the urinary tract.
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22.
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Urolithiasis-Cystine in Dogs
Cystine uroliths, also referred to as calculi, are stones within the urinary tract composed of the amino acid cystine, a breakdown product of proteins. Cystine urolithiasis is most common in male dogs with an average age of onset of three to five years.
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23.
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Urolithiasis-Struvite in Dogs
Struvite uroliths, also referred to as calculi, are stones within the urinary tract composed of the mineral struvite or magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate. They account for approximately 50 percent of the stones that affect dogs.
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24.
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Urolithiasis-Urate in Dogs
Urate uroliths, also referred to as calculi, are stones within the urinary tract composed of ammonium urate. Dalmatians and English bulldogs are at highest risk due to inborn metabolic abnormalities.
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25.
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Urolithiasis-Xanthine in Dogs
Xanthine uroliths, also referred to as calculi, are stones within the urinary tract that occur when the metabolic breakdown of xanthine to urate is inhibited by medication (allopurinol) used to treat pets with urate urolithiasis.
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