Section: Veterinary Care In-depth
Diagnosis In-depth
Veterinary care should include diagnostic tests and subsequent treatment recommendations. Tests are needed to confirm the diagnosis of otitis externa and exclude other diseases that may cause similar symptoms. The following diagnostic tests are often recommended:
Complete medical history and physical examination to examine your pet's external ears. Your veterinarian will pay close attention to the size of the ear canal, presence of pain, smell of ears, presence of hair or foreign material, masses or polyps, character of discharge/exudates, soundness of the ear drum, and general health. Your pet may need to be sedated.
Cytology to identify parasites, yeast organisms, bacteria and cellular components. This test will help to determine the cause of otitis externa and choose the proper treatment for your pet.
Culture and sensitivity tests in cases of recurrent infections, as there are some organisms that are often resistant to many antibiotics
Biopsy of growths to determine the presence of tumors
Radiography (X-rays) to evaluate the degree of the disease
Your veterinarian may suggest a referral to a dermatologist in difficult or recurrent cases or additional diagnostic tests to exclude or diagnose other conditions or to better understand the impact of otitis externa on your pet. These tests are selected on a case-by-case basis and may include:
A complete blood count (CBC) to evaluate your pet for other problems such as infections or inflammations
Serum biochemistry tests if there are other abnormal symptoms on the physical examination such as weight loss
Urinalysis to evaluate the kidneys and bladder
Thyroid level tests to determine the presence of hypothyroidism, which is the most common endocrine disorder that causes otitis externa in cats
Adrenal function tests to rule out Cushing's disease, which is hyperadrenocorticism secondary to excessive pituitary excretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone
Allergy tests to rule out allergic disease
Dietary trial to rule out allergic disease
Fungal cultures in the presence of severe or recurrent fungal infections
Skin scrapings to rule out mites such as Demodex
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