Section: Overview
Pyelonephritis is an inflammation of the kidney. We generally refer to pyelonephritis as a bacterial infection of upper urinary tract including any part of the kidney.
General Causes
Ascending urinary tract infections (originating from the lower urinary tract) caused by bacteria
Hematogenous (from the bloodstream) seeding of infection is much less common
What to Watch For
Excessive drinking and urinating
Abdominal or back pain
Painful urination
Frequent urination
Straining to urinate
Bloody urinations
Malodorous urinations
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Lethargy
Loss of appetite
Diagnosis
Baseline tests to include a complete blood count, biochemical profile, and urinalysis are recommended in all patients. Although often within normal limits, there may be changes consistent with kidney failure or urinary tract infection. Additional tests may include:
A bacterial urine culture to check for associated infection
Abdominal radiographs (X-rays) to rule out calculi (stones) and other diseases that might mimic pyelonephritis
Abdominal ultrasound to visualize the urinary tract (in particular, the renal pelvises) and other abdominal structures
Excretory urography (a dye study of the upper urinary tract including the kidneys and ureters)
Treatment
It is most important to determine whether the patient's condition warrants admission to the hospital for treatment or treatment at home as an outpatient. Treatment may include:
Dietary modification in those patients with concurrent renal (kidney) failure or urinary calculi
Antibiotic treatment, based on urine culture and sensitivity
Fluid therapy
Home Care
Administer all medication and diet as directed by your veterinarian. Return for follow up as recommended and notify your veterinarian if any change is noted in your pet's condition.
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