Weight loss is a physical condition that results from a negative caloric balance. This usually occurs when the body uses and/or excretes essential nutrients faster than it can consume the. Essentially more calories are being burned than are being taken in. Weight loss is considered clinically important when it exceeds 10 percent of the normal body weight and is not associated with fluid loss.

During weight loss, the appetite may be normal, increased or decreased.

What to Watch For

Weight loss

Loss of body condition

Loss of muscle mass

Poor hair coat

Diarrhea

Vomiting

Regurgitation

Difficulty swallowing

Causes

There are many reasons for loss of weight. Some of these include:

Dietary causes

Lack of appetite (anorexia)

Disorders related to poor absorption of nutrients

Disorders related to poor digestion

Metabolic disorders

Excessive nutrient loss

Neuromuscular diseases

Excessive use of calories

Cancer

Heart disease

Diagnosis

Confirmation of weight loss is necessary. A review of the animal's former body weight(s) is essential. Once weight loss has been documented, a thorough history and physical examination, in addition to appropriate diagnostic tests are indicated to determine a cause of the weight loss. Initial diagnostic tests may include:

Stool examination

Complete blood count (CBC)

Biochemical profile

Urinalysis

Chest and abdominal X-ray

Treatment

Your veterinarian may make several recommendations for the treatment of weight loss prior to instituting a full diagnostic work up. Such treatment is usually administered on an outpatient basis.

Sufficient calories in the form of adequate amounts of an appropriate, high-quality diet

Force-feeding

Appetite stimulants

Supplementation with vitamins and minerals for severely malnourished patients

Parenteral (intravenous) nutrition for patients who cannot take food orally

Comfortable and stress-free environment, especially when eating

An appropriate exercise regime

Home Care

Administer prescribed diets and medications precisely as directed. Periodically, weigh and record your pet's weight. Contact your veterinarian if there is any change in body weight.