Canine babesiosis is a tick-borne disease caused by a protozoan blood parasite. The cause of the disease is an organism of the genus Babesia. There are two species of Babesia that can cause disease in the United States: Babesia canis and Babesia gibsoni.

The organism is spread to dogs through the bite of a tick and can infect dogs of all ages, although most infected dogs are less than three years old. In the United States, there is a peak incidence occurring between March and October. Greyhounds have a higher incidence of the disease than other breeds.

Babesiosis mainly affects red blood cells, causing anemia, although many organ systems can be involved, and many complications can arise; disease can be mild, or can be fatal.

What to Watch For

Pale gums

Weakness

Lethargy

Labored breathing

Failure to produce urine

Excessive thirst

Hemoglobinuria (red colored urine)

Collapse

Seizures

Coma

Jaundice that appears as a yellow coloration of the gums and whites of the eyes

Fever

Severe respiratory distress

Fast breathing

Coughing

Blood tinged frothy nasal discharge

Diagnosis

Complete blood count, chemistry panel and urinalysis

Evaluation of a blood smear

Serology

Treatment

Diminazene aceturate

Imidocarb

Trypan blue

Blood transfusions

Supportive care

Home Care and Prevention

Administer medication as prescribed. Since the disease is spread by ticks, preventing tick exposure is paramount.