Eclampsia in Dogs

Eclampsia in Dogs

By: Dr. Bari Spielman

Section: Overview

Eclampsia is the sudden onset of clinical signs associated with low blood calcium levels (hypocalcemia) that occur in lactating (nursing) bitches. It is caused by loss of calcium in the milk and is often combined with poor dietary calcium intake. This condition is different from eclampsia in women, which is related to blood pressure abnormalities prior to birth.

Predisposing Factors

  • More common in dogs than cats
  • Toy and small breeds most commonly affected
  • Large litter size
  • Highest incidence with the first litter
  • Poor nutrition during pregnancy and lactation
  • Possibly worsened by use of calcium supplements during pregnancy
  • Seen most commonly two to three weeks after-birth, although can be seen as late as six weeks after whelping (giving birth)

    What to Watch for

  • Restlessness, nervousness
  • Panting
  • Stiffness, difficulty w
    alking
  • Muscle tremors or rigidity
  • Convulsions
  • High body temperature
  • Rapid respiratory rate
  • Possibly coma and death

    Diagnosis

    The history and clinical signs are generally very suspicious of eclampsia. A biochemical profile confirms the hypocalcemia. The total serum calcium is usually less than 7 mg/dl. Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) may also be found. Rapid response to treatment with intravenous calcium helps to confirm the diagnosis.

    Treatment

    Dogs with eclampsia usually require immediate emergency care. The definitive treatment involves returning blood calcium levels to normal and decreasing calcium loss from the body, which may include weaning and hand feeding the puppies. Treatment usually includes:

  • Intravenous calcium (calcium gluconate) given very slowly
  • An intravenous or oral dextrose solution to increase blood sugar
  • Anti-seizure drugs (e.g. Valium®) if seizures are unresponsive to calcium and dextrose
  • Cooling of patients with severely elevated body temperatures
  • Removal and hand raising of all puppies
  • Oral calcium supplementation when the patient is stable
  • Oral vitamin D supplementation to increase the absorption of calcium in the intestines

    Home Care

  • Administer all medications as prescribed by your veterinarian.
  • Unless told otherwise, do not allow newborns to nurse after an episode of eclampsia.
  • Follow your veterinarian's recommendations regarding feeding the newborns.
  • Return to your veterinarian to have calcium levels monitored as prescribed.

    Preventative Care

    The best way to prevent eclampsia is to avoid calcium supplementation during pregnancy and to feed the pregnant bitch a well-balanced, good quality food. Supplementation of the bitch with calcium may be helpful once the puppies are delivered and are beginning to nurse. Supplemental feeding of the puppies may also be beneficial, especially for large litters.

  •  
    Printable Version
     
    Have a Pet Question?
    Review the Most Frequent Questions
    Answered by Dr. Jon and His Staff of Veterinarians
    Ask Dr. Jon
    Dr. Jon's Newsletter
    Yes! Send Me the Latest Health Information, Pet Tips, Pet Stories and more...
     
     

    Related Articles

    • 1 What to Expect in Your Puppy's First Eight Weeks

      A puppy's relationships with his mother and littermates during the first 8 weeks of his life determine his personality and what kind of companion he'll be. His mother will provide for his basic needs and...

      Read MoreRead More
    • 2 Caring for Newborn Puppies

      Delivering and caring for a new litter can be an overwhelming task for any mother. Even though your dog will probably do a great job caring for her babies, there are some things you can do to help.

      Read MoreRead More
    • 3 Picking the Right Food for Your Puppy

      Your puppy needs good food and plenty of it. At this stage of his life, he’s not likely to pig out, but he needs a balanced diet to nurture his growing bones, teeth and muscle, to maintain his hair coat...

      Read MoreRead More
    • 4 Weaning Puppies

      Whether the puppies are being cared for by their canine mother or are being orphan raised, the method and timing of weaning can have lifelong effects on the babies.

      Read MoreRead More
    • 5 Orphaned Dogs - Their Mental and Social Needs

      When a young dog finds himself without his mom, he risks missing important social skills that only his mother can provide. Knowing what he needs can help you try to be the best replacement mom possible....

      Read MoreRead More
    • 6 Pregnancy in Dogs

      Pregnancy is the period of gestation when the young are developing in the mother’s uterus. Typically, pregnancy lasts about 62 days and average litter size varies from one to fifteen, with an average of...

      Read MoreRead More
    • 7 Orphaned Puppy

      The maternal instinct is one of the strongest in nature, but pups can become orphaned as the result of a variety of circumstances, such as death or illness of the mother, or her inability to produce sufficient...

      Read MoreRead More
    • 8 Nursing Problems in Dogs

      After delivering puppies, nursing begins. Despite a normal, uncomplicated whelping, problems can arise during nursing.

      Read MoreRead More
    Related Articles
    • 1Orphaned Dogs - Their Mental and Social Needs

      When a young dog finds himself without his mom, he risks missing important social skills that only his mother can provide. Knowing what he needs can help you try to be the best replacement mom possible....

      Read MoreRead More
    • 2Nursing Problems in Dogs

      After delivering puppies, nursing begins. Despite a normal, uncomplicated whelping, problems can arise during nursing.

      Read MoreRead More
    • 3Caring for Newborn Puppies

      Delivering and caring for a new litter can be an overwhelming task for any mother. Even though your dog will probably do a great job caring for her babies, there are some things you can do to help.

      Read MoreRead More
    • 4Picking the Right Food for Your Puppy

      Your puppy needs good food and plenty of it. At this stage of his life, he’s not likely to pig out, but he needs a balanced diet to nurture his growing bones, teeth and muscle, to maintain his hair coat...

      Read MoreRead More
    • 5Weaning Puppies

      Whether the puppies are being cared for by their canine mother or are being orphan raised, the method and timing of weaning can have lifelong effects on the babies.

      Read MoreRead More
    • 6What to Expect in Your Puppy's First Eight Weeks

      A puppy's relationships with his mother and littermates during the first 8 weeks of his life determine his personality and what kind of companion he'll be. His mother will provide for his basic needs and...

      Read MoreRead More
    • 7Pregnancy in Dogs

      Pregnancy is the period of gestation when the young are developing in the mother’s uterus. Typically, pregnancy lasts about 62 days and average litter size varies from one to fifteen, with an average of...

      Read MoreRead More
    • 8Orphaned Puppy

      The maternal instinct is one of the strongest in nature, but pups can become orphaned as the result of a variety of circumstances, such as death or illness of the mother, or her inability to produce sufficient...

      Read MoreRead More
     

    Over 10,000 Veterinarian Approved Articles

    Related Articles
    • 1Orphaned Dogs - Their Mental and Social Needs

      When a young dog finds himself without his mom, he risks missing important social skills that only his mother can provide. Knowing what he needs can help you try to be the best replacement mom possible....

      Read MoreRead More
    • 2Nursing Problems in Dogs

      After delivering puppies, nursing begins. Despite a normal, uncomplicated whelping, problems can arise during nursing.

      Read MoreRead More
    • 3Caring for Newborn Puppies

      Delivering and caring for a new litter can be an overwhelming task for any mother. Even though your dog will probably do a great job caring for her babies, there are some things you can do to help.

      Read MoreRead More
    • 4Picking the Right Food for Your Puppy

      Your puppy needs good food and plenty of it. At this stage of his life, he’s not likely to pig out, but he needs a balanced diet to nurture his growing bones, teeth and muscle, to maintain his hair coat...

      Read MoreRead More
    • 5Weaning Puppies

      Whether the puppies are being cared for by their canine mother or are being orphan raised, the method and timing of weaning can have lifelong effects on the babies.

      Read MoreRead More
    • 6What to Expect in Your Puppy's First Eight Weeks

      A puppy's relationships with his mother and littermates during the first 8 weeks of his life determine his personality and what kind of companion he'll be. His mother will provide for his basic needs and...

      Read MoreRead More
    • 7Pregnancy in Dogs

      Pregnancy is the period of gestation when the young are developing in the mother’s uterus. Typically, pregnancy lasts about 62 days and average litter size varies from one to fifteen, with an average of...

      Read MoreRead More
    • 8Orphaned Puppy

      The maternal instinct is one of the strongest in nature, but pups can become orphaned as the result of a variety of circumstances, such as death or illness of the mother, or her inability to produce sufficient...

      Read MoreRead More