Section: Overview
Epididymitis is the inflammation of the epididymis, the elongated cordlike structure along the edge of the testis that provides for storage, transit and maturation of sperm. Orchitis is an inflammation of the testicle.
Causes
Infectious organisms (Brucella canis, distemper)
Disseminated systemic mycosis (blastomycosis, coccidiomycosis)
Rickettsial disease (Ehrlichiosis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever)
Infection associated with the prostate or bladder
Contamination by urine from severe abdominal trauma
Direct trauma to the scrotum
Bite wounds
Lymphocytic orchitis (immune-mediated disease)
Epididymitis and orchitis are more common in dogs than cats. There is no breed predilection for most. Lymphocytic orchitis has been seen primarily in beagles.
What to Watch For
Swollen testicle
Pain
Excessive licking of scrotum
Listlessness
Anorexia
Reluctance to walk
Open wound or abscess
Diagnosis
Complete blood count (CBC)
Biochemical profile
Urinalysis
Serology (blood test) for Brucella canis
Abdominal X-rays
Ultrasound (abdomen, testicles and epididymis)
Semen evaluation and culture
Prostatic lavage or aspirate for cytology and culture
Culture open wounds in the area
Treatment
Removal of the underlying cause if identified
Appropriate antibiotic therapy (based on culture and sensitivity)
Cold compresses
Hospitalize for supportive care if needed
Castration when stable if not a valuable breeding animal
Home Care
Follow the instructions given to you by your veterinarian. Continue therapy for the entire recommended time. Consider having your pet neutered and treat any and all underlying disorders.
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