Hookworm infestation is the invasion and multiplication of the small intestine by a blood-sucking parasite. Ancylostoma caninum is the most important and common hookworm in dogs. Other less common species exist as well.

Infection can be acquired before birth or during nursing from an infected bitch. Ingestion of larva can result in infection. The larva can also migrate through the skin.

Hookworm infestation is seen most commonly in puppies and the geriatric or chronically ill population. There is no breed or sex predilection, although it is seen commonly in kenneled dogs.

What to Watch For

Diarrhea

Vomiting

Weakness

Pale mucus membranes

Anemia

Poor body condition

Poor appetite

Weight loss

Diagnosis

A thorough knowledge of history and clinical signs is always important and most helpful in making the diagnosis. Diagnostic tests necessary to confirm a diagnosis of hookworm infestation include:

Fecal flotation to document the eggs

Complete blood count (CBC) if anemia is suspected

Treatment

Puppies in an environment with a history of hookworm infections should be routinely treated at two week intervals until weaning. Multiple agents are available to deworm infected individuals.

Pyrantel pamoate and fenbendazole

Kennel hygiene and appropriate disinfection is extremely important in controlling/eliminating infections

Treat patients who are showing severe clinical signs as inpatients to restore fluid and electrolyte abnormalities, and potentially transfuse the extremely anemic individuals

Home Care and Prevention

Administer prescribed medication. Be aware of pets who are severely affected and may need support and hospitalization.

Prevention of hookworms can be achieved by administering monthly anthelmintics (dewormers) made specifically to prevent infection. Kennel hygiene is extremely important in the prevention of infection.