Hookworm Infestation in Dogs

Hookworm Infestation in Dogs

By: Dr. Bari Spielman

Section: Overview

Hookworm infestation is the invasion and multiplication of the small intestine by a blood-sucking parasite. Ancylostoma caninum is the most important and common hookworm in dogs. Other less common species exist as well.

Infection can be acquired before birth or during nursing from an infected bitch. Ingestion of larva can result in infection. The larva can also migrate through the skin.

Hookworm infestation is seen most commonly in puppies and the geriatric or chronically ill population. There is no breed or sex predilection, although it is seen commonly in kenneled dogs.

What to Watch For

  • Diarrhea
  • Vomiting
  • Weakness
  • Pale mucus membranes
  • Anemia
  • Poor body condition
  • Poor appetite
  • Weight loss

    Diagnosis

    A thorough knowledge of history and clinical signs is always important and most helpful in making the diagnosis.
    Diagnostic tests necessary to confirm a diagnosis of hookworm infestation include:

  • Fecal flotation to document the eggs

  • Complete blood count (CBC) if anemia is suspected

    Treatment

    Puppies in an environment with a history of hookworm infections should be routinely treated at two week intervals until weaning. Multiple agents are available to deworm infected individuals.

  • Pyrantel pamoate and fenbendazole

  • Kennel hygiene and appropriate disinfection is extremely important in controlling/eliminating infections

  • Treat patients who are showing severe clinical signs as inpatients to restore fluid and electrolyte abnormalities, and potentially transfuse the extremely anemic individuals

    Home Care and Prevention

    Administer prescribed medication. Be aware of pets who are severely affected and may need support and hospitalization.

    Prevention of hookworms can be achieved by administering monthly anthelmintics (dewormers) made specifically to prevent infection. Kennel hygiene is extremely important in the prevention of infection.

     
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