Hypothyroidism in Dogs

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Hypothyroidism in Dogs

By: Dr. Bari Spielman

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Section: Overview

What To Watch For

A deficiency of thyroid hormone affects the metabolic function of many organ systems. As a result, the clinical signs are usually variable, non-specific, and slow to develop. Although there is no one symptom that is diagnostic, several combined signs may make your veterinarian more suspicious. Symptoms may include:

Lethargy, lack of interest in play, increased amounts of sleeping

Depression, mental dullness

Exercise intolerance (tires easily)

Weight gain (without an apparent increase in appetite) and obesity

Cold intolerance – seeks out warm places to lie down, low body temperature

Slow heart rate (bradycardia)

Infertility

Constipation

Diarrhea

Chronic skin disorders, such as dry skin, thinning of the hair coat, excessive hair loss

Possibly other neurologic signs

Possibly other hormonal abnormalities

Diagnosis

Hypothyroidism is not always a simple, straightforward disease to diagnose. Various tests are available to diagnose the condition and a combination of tests may be required. Proper diagnosis also includes a thorough history, documentation of clinical signs, a thorough physical examination, and diagnostic tests to assess various organ functions, including thyroid function. A diagnostic work-up may include the following:

Complete blood count (CBC)

Biochemical profile

Urinalysis

Thyroxine (T4) level, free-T4 level

Canine TSH test

Thoracic (chest) and abdominal radiographs (X-rays) in certain cases

Treatment

Fortunately, hypothyroidism is easily treated and involves the administration of daily doses of synthetic thyroxine. Once treatment is started, it must usually be continued for the rest of the dog's life.

At Home

At home, administer all prescribed medication(s) and observe your dog closely for recurrence or improvement in the clinical signs. Overdosage with thyroid medication causes signs of hyperactivity and weight loss. Your veterinarian may schedule periodic blood tests to measure the levels of thyroid hormone in order to monitor whether the dosage being given is adequate.

Prevention

There are no effective ways to prevent hypothyroidism. However, once treatment begins, many symptoms resolve within several weeks.

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