Lymphedema is an abnormal accumulation of protein-rich lymph fluid into tissue spaces caused by obstruction of flow in lymphatic vessels or through lymph nodes. It may be primary or secondary. Primary/congenital lymphedema is usually present at birth or by several months of age.
Lymphedema is more common in dogs than cats and no sex predilection has been reported. It is often congenital in English bulldogs. Although lymphedema can affect all breeds, dogs with a familial predisposition include
poodles, Labrador retrievers and Old English sheepdogs.
Causes of Primary Lymphedema Idiopathic (unknown cause)
Hereditary/congenital malformation of the lymphatic system, which is the network of vessels that carries protein-rich lymph fluid through the body.
Causes of Secondary Lymphedema
Secondary damage to lymphatic vessels or lymph nodes
Trauma
Infection/inflammation
Neoplasia (cancer)
Radiation therapy
What to Watch For
Swelling of the legs that typically starts at the foot and advances toward the body, which can occur in one or multiple limbs, most commonly in the hind legs
Swelling that may affect the underside of the chest, abdomen, ears and tail
Uncommonly, lameness and pain
Diagnosis
Complete blood cell count (CBC)
Biochemical profile
Urinalysis
Heartworm test
Fine-needle aspirate of the affected tissue
Lymphangiography, which is the injection of dye directly into the lymphatic system
Chest and abdominal X-rays, although often within normal limits, may be of benefit in ruling out other disorders
Treatment
There is no curative therapy, treatment is aimed at minimizing the symptoms.
Pressure wraps
Warm water massage
Antibiotics for secondary infections
Benzopyrones, a group of drugs that may help reduce swelling
Home Care and Prevention
Puppies with severe lymphedema may die with or without treatment. Administer all medication and follow all recommendations as directed by your veterinarian. If your pet's condition is not improving or getting worse, seek veterinary attention at once.
There is no preventative care for primary lymphedema.
