Nephritic syndrome is characterized by the combination of protein in the urine, low protein level in the blood, high cholesterol and abnormal fluid accumulation in any part of the body (edema).
Dogs are affected more commonly than cats. The average age of onset varies, but middle-aged dogs are most commonly affected. Several breeds are felt to be at higher risk than average.
Two common causes of nephritic syndrome include:
Glomerulonephritis (GN)This is an inflammation of the kidney – specifically in the area referred to as the glomerulus.
Familial GN has been reported in the Bernese mountain dog, Samoyed, Doberman pinscher, cocker spaniel, Rottweiler, greyhound and wheaten terrier.
Acquired GN is most common in the golden retriever, miniature schnauzer and dachshund.
Amyloidosis
This is the deposition in organs and tissues of a protein called amyloid that compromise normal function.
Familial amyloidosis has been reported in the Chinese Shar-pei.
Acquired amyloidosis is most common in the beagle, collie and walker hound.
The type, number, and severity of clinical signs associated with the nephritic syndrome are variable. Signs may be associated with an underlying disease process, such as with infection and immune disease.
What to Watch For
Edema or ascites (fluid in the abdominal cavity)
Acute dyspnea (difficulty breathing) or panting
Anorexia
Weight loss
Lethargy
Loss of vision
Diagnosis
Complete blood count (CBC)
Biochemical profile
Urinalysis
Urine Protein:Creatinine Ratio
Bacterial urine culture
Chest and abdominal X-rays
Abdominal ultrasound +/- kidney biopsy
Blood pressure
Treatment
It is most important to determine whether the patient's condition warrants admission to the hospital for treatment, or treatment at home as an outpatient. Treatment may include:
Dietary modification
Antibiotics
Fluid and electrolyte therapy
Treatment for concurrent high blood pressure, edema, ascites or thrombosis (blood clots)
Home Care and Prevention
Administer all medication and diet as directed by your veterinarian. Return for follow up evaluation, and/or notify your veterinarian if your pet exhibits recurrence or progression of signs.
There are no recommendations to prevent nephritic syndrome.
