Nephritic syndrome is characterized by the combination of protein in the urine, low protein level in the blood, high cholesterol and abnormal fluid accumulation in any part of the body (edema).

Dogs are affected more commonly than cats. The average age of onset varies, but middle-aged dogs are most commonly affected. Several breeds are felt to be at higher risk than average.

Two common causes of nephritic syndrome include:

Glomerulonephritis (GN)

This is an inflammation of the kidney – specifically in the area referred to as the glomerulus.

Familial GN has been reported in the Bernese mountain dog, Samoyed, Doberman pinscher, cocker spaniel, Rottweiler, greyhound and wheaten terrier.

Acquired GN is most common in the golden retriever, miniature schnauzer and dachshund.

Amyloidosis

This is the deposition in organs and tissues of a protein called amyloid that compromise normal function.

Familial amyloidosis has been reported in the Chinese Shar-pei.

Acquired amyloidosis is most common in the beagle, collie and walker hound.

The type, number, and severity of clinical signs associated with the nephritic syndrome are variable. Signs may be associated with an underlying disease process, such as with infection and immune disease.

What to Watch For

Edema or ascites (fluid in the abdominal cavity)

Acute dyspnea (difficulty breathing) or panting

Anorexia

Weight loss

Lethargy

Loss of vision

Diagnosis

Complete blood count (CBC)

Biochemical profile

Urinalysis

Urine Protein:Creatinine Ratio

Bacterial urine culture

Chest and abdominal X-rays

Abdominal ultrasound +/- kidney biopsy

Blood pressure

Treatment

It is most important to determine whether the patient's condition warrants admission to the hospital for treatment, or treatment at home as an outpatient. Treatment may include:

Dietary modification

Antibiotics

Fluid and electrolyte therapy

Treatment for concurrent high blood pressure, edema, ascites or thrombosis (blood clots)

Home Care and Prevention

Administer all medication and diet as directed by your veterinarian. Return for follow up evaluation, and/or notify your veterinarian if your pet exhibits recurrence or progression of signs.

There are no recommendations to prevent nephritic syndrome.