Ophthalmia Neonatorum in Puppies

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Ophthalmia Neonatorum in Puppies

By: Dr. Bari Spielman

Section: Overview

Ophthalmia neonatorum is an infection of the conjunctiva (the thin layer of tissue that lines the eyelids) or cornea (the transparent structure that makes up the front part of the eye). It occurs before or just after the eyelids open in puppies, usually during the first 10 to 14 days of life.

This infection is often associated with Staphylococcus in dogs and cats. Vaginal infection of the mother at the time of birth and an unclean environment for the newborn predisposes the baby to this infection. All breeds are susceptible.

What to Watch For

Upper and lower eyelids are fused together and bulge outward from the accumulation of discharge that is trapped behind the eyelids.

If a small opening is present between the eyelids, a thick, creamy discharge may be seen on the puppy's face.

Ulcerations of the cornea and conjunctiva may occur, although scarring and opacification of the cornea are more common.

Rupture of the cornea with collapse of the ocular structures is a severe manifestation of the disease.

Diagnosis

A full physical examination of the dam and neonate are important. Tests may include:

Complete blood count (CBC), biochemical profile, and urinalysis on the mother

Bacterial culture of the neonate's ocular discharge and the dam's vaginal discharge

Fluorescein staining of the eye to look for evidence of corneal ulceration

Treatment

The eyelids must be opened manually to allow treatment. This is most often accomplished via administration of warm, wet compresses and gentle manual separation of the lids.

The eyes are then flushed with warm saline to remove discharge.

Warm, wet compresses may help prevent the eyelids from closing again.

Broad spectrum topical antibiotics are applied to the eyes for at least a week.

If the puppy is systemically ill (uncommon), then systemic antibiotics may also be considered.

Home Care and Prevention

Your veterinarian may order warm compresses to help prevent the eyelids from closing again and to keep the face clean. Apply all medication as directed by your veterinarian. If your pet appears to show signs of systemic illness, like lethargy, decreased appetite or unwillingness to nurse, vomiting or diarrhea, contact your veterinarian at once.

Keep the newborn's environment clean and examine each puppy every day for signs of illness.