Section: Overview
The peritoneum is a membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and produces a small amount of fluid that lubricates the abdominal contents. In addition, the peritoneum is also responsible for forming adhesions, or scars, in the presence of an inflammatory process.
Peritonitis is an inflammatory process affecting the peritoneum that can be very serious, or even life-threatening. Peritonitis results in the accumulation of excessive fluid within the abdominal cavity. It can be associated with abdominal trauma, abdominal surgery or pancreatitis.
What to Watch For
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Weakness
Fever
Lack of appetite
Abdominal distention
Abdominal pain
Diagnosis
Various diagnostic tests are performed to help determine the presence of peritonitis and the severity of the infection. Tests may include:
An abdominal tap to obtain a fluid sample
Complete blood count
Biochemical profile
Culture of the abdominal fluid to determine the type of bacteria
Abdominal X-rays
Abdominal ultrasound
Treatment
Peritonitis can be treated medically or surgically, depending on the underlying cause of the peritonitis. Medical therapy includes:
Intravenous fluids
Antibiotics
Medication to control pain
Surgery is performed if moderate or severe peritonitis is present. Surgery includes:
Exploratory surgery to address the underlying cause of the peritonitis
Placing a feeding tube
Flushing the abdominal cavity and cleaning with saline
The incision may be closed or left open for a short period of time to allow the remaining fluid to be removed.
Home Care and Prevention
After treatment, animals are often continued on antibiotics for a period of time. The animal is monitored for vomiting, lack of appetite or depression.
Peritonitis can be difficult to prevent, but prompt diagnosis and effective treatment of underlying illness can help reduce the risk.
