Retrobulbar Abscess in Dogs

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The retrobulbar space is the area just behind the eye. Although uncommon, an abscess or pocket of infection/pus can develop behind the eye, which is referred to as a retrobulbar abscess. This is usually associated with inflammation and infection of the tissues behind the eye. When this infection becomes localized in one area, an abscess can form.

This infection can develop as the result of an infection of the mouth, teeth, eye or sinuses; the migration of foreign material; or from systemic infections. It can occur in animals of any age or sex. When related to the migration of foreign material, retrobulbar abscessation is more common during periods of prolonged drought. During these times, plant material is drier, sharper, and more brittle, and can more readily migrate through the tissues of the mouth into the space behind the eye.

For most cases of retrobulbar abscessation, only one eye is involved and the pet responds well to treatment.

X-rays of the mouth and teeth

Treatment

Treatment is aimed at eliminating the infection and allowing drainage of any pus from behind the eye. In mild cases, antibiotics are usually started both orally and topically. Many of these cases respond and improve in 48 to 72 hours. If the signs are severe or worsen, a surgical procedure may performed that involves opening the area behind the eye to allow the pus to drain. This is accomplished by making an incision in the roof of the mouth behind the last upper molar tooth. General anesthesia is needed for this procedure.

Home Care and Prevention

If your pet is painful or has a bulging eye, a veterinary examination is recommended immediately. Once a retrobulbar abscess is diagnosed and treatment has been started, all medications must be continued at home exactly as prescribed. Such medications may include topical antibiotics or lubricants, and oral antibiotics. You may be asked to apply warm, wet compresses to the eye three to four times per day for several days to reduce swelling. Offer soft foods to help your pet eat until the swelling and pain have diminished.

To reduce the risk of retrobulbar abscessation, try to prevent your pet from ingesting foreign material, particularly plants. Prompt treatment of infections can also help reduce the risk of developing a retrobulbar abscess.

 

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