Section: Overview
Thiamine deficiency is a clinical syndrome associated with vascular injury (pertaining to vessels) and nerve damage caused by vitamin B1 deficiency. It is due to an inadequate dietary intake of thiamine, s component of the B complex group of vitamins, relative to the body's overall needs.
This deficiency is more common in cats than dogs and is especially prevalent in raw fish eaters.
General Causes
Eating raw fish
Feeding pet food that is not completely balanced
Overprocessed food
Sulfites (chemicals) in the diet that interfere with the absorption of thiamine
What to Watch For
Ventroflexion (bending in a downward position) of the neck
Muscle weakness
Ataxia (wobbly walking)
Seizures
Fixed, dilated pupils
Paralysis of the muscles around the eye
Diagnosis
The diagnosis is largely based on clinical signs and history. Baseline tests to include a complete blood count (CBC), biochemical profile, and urinalysis are recommended in all patients, although are most often within normal limits.
Screening chest and abdominal radiographs (x-rays) are an important part of any baseline workup, especially to rule out other disorders.
Treatment
Administer thiamine by injection for a several day to several week period
Feed a proper well balanced diet
Limit or discontinue raw-fish diet
Home Care
Administer all medication and feed a well balanced diet as directed by your veterinarian. Contact your veterinarian at once if your pet is not responding to therapy or is getting worse. Prognosis is excellent if the disease is treated early and the diet is improved.
