Thiamine Deficiency in Dogs

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Thiamine Deficiency in Dogs

By: Dr. Bari Spielman

Section: Overview

Thiamine deficiency is a clinical syndrome associated with vascular injury (pertaining to vessels) and nerve damage caused by vitamin B1 deficiency. It is due to an inadequate dietary intake of thiamine, s component of the B complex group of vitamins, relative to the body's overall needs.

This deficiency is more common in cats than dogs and is especially prevalent in raw fish eaters.

General Causes

Eating raw fish

Feeding pet food that is not completely balanced

Overprocessed food

Sulfites (chemicals) in the diet that interfere with the absorption of thiamine

What to Watch For

Ventroflexion (bending in a downward position) of the neck

Muscle weakness

Ataxia (wobbly walking)

Seizures

Fixed, dilated pupils

Paralysis of the muscles around the eye

Diagnosis

The diagnosis is largely based on clinical signs and history.

Baseline tests to include a complete blood count (CBC), biochemical profile, and urinalysis are recommended in all patients, although are most often within normal limits.

Screening chest and abdominal radiographs (x-rays) are an important part of any baseline workup, especially to rule out other disorders.

Treatment

Administer thiamine by injection for a several day to several week period

Feed a proper well balanced diet

Limit or discontinue raw-fish diet

Home Care

Administer all medication and feed a well balanced diet as directed by your veterinarian. Contact your veterinarian at once if your pet is not responding to therapy or is getting worse. Prognosis is excellent if the disease is treated early and the diet is improved.