Thrombocytopenia in Dogs

Thrombocytopenia in Dogs

By: Dr. Leah Cohn

Section: Treatment In-depth

Specific treatment of dogs with thrombocytopenia depends on the cause. If the animal is not bleeding and the platelet count is not seriously low, the underlying cause of the thrombocytopenia is usually treated without specifically attempting to treat the thrombocytopenia itself. If the specific cause of thrombocytopenia can be treated successfully, platelet numbers will increase quickly. The best approach is to treat the underlying disease responsible. If thrombocytopenia is severe and likely to result in bleeding, the following may be considered:

  • Blood transfusion. It is difficult to increase the platelet count significantly with blood transfusion alone, and transfused platelets last only hours to days. Despite this, life-threatening bleeding may be treated with transfusion of whole blood, which contains all blood components including plasma and cells; packed
    red cells, which contain only red blood cells; or platelet-rich plasma, which contains only platelets and plasma.

    If your dog is markedly anemic from blood loss, transfusion of whole blood or packed red blood cells may be necessary to provide red cells to carry oxygen to the tissues. Platelet-rich plasma is difficult to prepare and is not widely available in veterinary medicine.

  • Corticosteroids. Cortisone-like drugs such as prednisone often are used to inhibit destruction of the platelets by the immune system. Immune-mediated destruction of platelets is a common cause of severe thrombocytopenia, and corticosteroids often are used as soon as severe thrombocytopenia is identified.

  • Antibiotics, tetracyclines. These drugs are often used until results of specific tests for infectious disease are available. Many of the infectious agents that cause thrombocytopenia, such as the rickettsial agents that cause Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and ehrlichiosis, are responsive to treatment with tetracycline.

  • Elimination of other drugs. If possible, any drugs your dog was receiving before developing thrombocytopenia will be discontinued because many drugs can cause thrombocytopenia.

  • Vincristine. This is a cancer chemotherapy drug that also can accelerate the release of platelets from the bone marrow where they are produced. If the bone marrow is functioning normally, vincristine may be administered to accelerate platelet release from the marrow.

  • Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) and Azathioprine (Imuran) are other drugs that may be used in dogs with suspected immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, especially those dogs that have not responded adequately to corticosteroids. These drugs have strong immunosuppressive effects and also can have potentially serious adverse effects. They should be used only with close veterinary supervision.

  • Splenectomy. Removal of the spleen may be recommended in dogs with immune-mediated thrombocytopenia that respond poorly to medical treatment. It may also be used in those cases in which sequestration of platelets is suspected, because the spleen is a major site of platelet destruction and sequestration. The spleen is submitted for microscopic examination by a veterinary pathologist after removal. The spleen should not be removed if the thrombocyotpenia is caused by an infectious agent.

     
    Printable Version
     
    Have a Pet Question?
    Send Your Pet Question to Dr. Jon
    and His Staff of Veterinarians Ask Dr. Jon
    Dr. Jon's Newsletter
    Yes! Send Me the Latest Health Information, Pet Tips, Pet Stories and more...
     
     

    Related Articles

    • 1 Bruising and Bleeding in Dogs

      Bruising and bleeding are disorders of primary hemostasis – or clotting – that result in bleeding into the skin or mucous membranes to a degree out of proportion to the trauma. The impact may be mild...

      Read MoreRead More
    • 2 Anemia in Dogs

      Anemia is defined as a low red blood cell count. Anemia can be caused by a number of different processes, including blood loss, red blood cell destruction, and inadequate red blood cell production.

      Read MoreRead More
    • 3 Immune Mediated Hemolytic Anemia in Dogs (IMHA), Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

      IMHA is a disease in which the body’s immune system, which is designed to attack and kill germs, attacks and kills the body’s own red blood cells; it occurs more often in dogs than in cats and in middle...

      Read MoreRead More
    • 4 Von Willebrand’s Disease (VWD)

      Von Willebrand’s disease (vWD) is caused by a deficiency of von Willebrand’s factor (vWF), one of the elements that allow blood to form clots. Von Willebrand’s disease can cause prolonged or excessive...

      Read MoreRead More
    • 5 Bleeding Disorders in Dogs

      Bleeding disorders are diseases in which the blood does not clot normally, causing a tendency to bleed abnormally or excessively after minor bumps or cuts. The effects on your pet are related to how much...

      Read MoreRead More
  • Related Articles
    • 1Bruising and Bleeding in Dogs

      Bruising and bleeding are disorders of primary hemostasis – or clotting – that result in bleeding into the skin or mucous membranes to a degree out of proportion to the trauma. The impact may be mild...

      Read MoreRead More
    • 2Anemia in Dogs

      Anemia is defined as a low red blood cell count. Anemia can be caused by a number of different processes, including blood loss, red blood cell destruction, and inadequate red blood cell production.

      Read MoreRead More
    • 3Bleeding Disorders in Dogs

      Bleeding disorders are diseases in which the blood does not clot normally, causing a tendency to bleed abnormally or excessively after minor bumps or cuts. The effects on your pet are related to how much...

      Read MoreRead More
    • 4Immune Mediated Hemolytic Anemia in Dogs (IMHA), Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

      IMHA is a disease in which the body’s immune system, which is designed to attack and kill germs, attacks and kills the body’s own red blood cells; it occurs more often in dogs than in cats and in middle...

      Read MoreRead More
    • 5Von Willebrand’s Disease (VWD)

      Von Willebrand’s disease (vWD) is caused by a deficiency of von Willebrand’s factor (vWF), one of the elements that allow blood to form clots. Von Willebrand’s disease can cause prolonged or excessive...

      Read MoreRead More
     

    Over 10,000 Veterinarian Approved Articles

    Related Articles
    • 1Bruising and Bleeding in Dogs

      Bruising and bleeding are disorders of primary hemostasis – or clotting – that result in bleeding into the skin or mucous membranes to a degree out of proportion to the trauma. The impact may be mild...

      Read MoreRead More
    • 2Anemia in Dogs

      Anemia is defined as a low red blood cell count. Anemia can be caused by a number of different processes, including blood loss, red blood cell destruction, and inadequate red blood cell production.

      Read MoreRead More
    • 3Bleeding Disorders in Dogs

      Bleeding disorders are diseases in which the blood does not clot normally, causing a tendency to bleed abnormally or excessively after minor bumps or cuts. The effects on your pet are related to how much...

      Read MoreRead More
    • 4Immune Mediated Hemolytic Anemia in Dogs (IMHA), Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

      IMHA is a disease in which the body’s immune system, which is designed to attack and kill germs, attacks and kills the body’s own red blood cells; it occurs more often in dogs than in cats and in middle...

      Read MoreRead More
    • 5Von Willebrand’s Disease (VWD)

      Von Willebrand’s disease (vWD) is caused by a deficiency of von Willebrand’s factor (vWF), one of the elements that allow blood to form clots. Von Willebrand’s disease can cause prolonged or excessive...

      Read MoreRead More