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Vomiting in Dogs
By: Dr. Debra Primovic

Section: Causes

X-ray showing a foreign body (FB) in the small intestine of a dog (arrows).

Causes of acute vomiting may include:

Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders

Bacterial infection of the GI tract

Diet-related causes (diet change, food intolerance, food allergy, dietary indiscretion)

Foreign bodies (bones, toys, clothes, string, plastic, hairballs, rocks)

Gastric dilatation-volvulus

Intestinal intussusception (prolapse of one part of the intestine into another)

Intestinal volvulus (torsion of a loop of intestine, causing obstruction with or without compromising the blood supply to the part by starangulation)

Intestinal parasites

Non-gastrointestinal disorders

Acute kidney failure

Acute liver failure or gall bladder inflammation

Diabetes mellitus

Drugs (certain drugs can cause vomiting including digoxin, cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, adriamycin, erythromycin and tetracycline)
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Hypercalcemia (excess calcium in the blood)

Motion sickness

Neurological disorders (such as vestibular disease, meningitis, increased intracranial pressure or other central nervous system disorders)

Overeating

Pancreatitis

Peritonitis (inflammation of the membrane lining the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities)

Post-operative nausea

Prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate [the gland in the male which surrounds the neck of the bladder and the urethra])

Pyometra (an accumulation of pus in the uterus)

Sepsis/systemic infection

Toxins or chemicals

Viral infections (such as parvovirus, corona virus, distemper)

Causes of chronic vomiting may include:

Gastrointestinal disorders

Chronic colitis

Chronic gastritis (lymphocytic plasma, eosinophilic, granulomatous)

Diaphragmatic hernia

Diet related (food allergy or intolerance)

Foreign bodies

Gastric motility disorders

Gastric outflow obstruction (due to a variety of causes)

Gastrointestinal ulceration

Hiatal hernia (protrusion of a structure, often a portion of the stomach, through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm)

Hypertrophic gastropathy

Intestinal obstruction

Neoplasia (the formation of a tumor)

Parasites

Severe constipation

Nongastrointestinal disorders

Chronic pancreatitis

Heartworm infection

Hypoadrenocorticism (diminished hormone production from the cortex of the adrenal gland)

Liver failure

Neurological disorders (neoplasia, inflammatory diseases, etc)

Renal failure (kidney failure)

Toxicity (such as lead)

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