Section: Overview
Hematuria is the presence of red blood cells in the urine. It may be gross, which means it's visible to the naked eye, or it might be microscopic. Possible causes of hematuria include:
Bacterial infections of the urinary or genital tracts
Cancer of the urinary or genital tracts
Calculi (stones) in the urinary tract
Clotting (bleeding) disorders
Trauma
The effect of hematuria on the pet may range from no obvious effect to severe. Severe bleeding into the urinary tract may cause the animal to become anemic and may cause weakness or collapse.
What to Watch For
Painful or difficult urination
Straining to urinate
Frequent passage of small amounts of urine
Abdominal pain
You should have your pet examined by your veterinarian if you observe hematuria or any of these other symptoms.
Diagnosis
Hematuria can affect all small mammals. Any sick pet should be seen by a veterinarian. A complete medical history and physical examination are important and can sometimes lead to a diagnosis. For some pets, additional tests may be recommended. For small rodents, size and cost concerns may affect the ability to perform some of these tests.
Urinalysis
Urine culture and sensitivity
Complete blood count
Serum biochemistry tests
Clotting profile including platelet count
Plain abdominal X-rays
Abdominal ultrasound examination
Treatment
Your veterinarian may prescribe one or more of the following treatments for your pet. The cause of the hematuria as well as the species is considered. Not all small mammals receive the same treatment:
Antibiotics for possible bacterial infection
Fluid therapy for dehydration
Home Care
The presence of blood in the urine is abnormal. If you observe hematuria, you should take your pet to your veterinarian for evaluation.
If possible, obtain a voided (free-catch) urine sample from your pet and take it with you when you visit your veterinarian.
Administer all prescribed medications as directed. Bring any unexpected changes in your pet's condition to the attention of your veterinarian.
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