Section: Overview
Uroliths, or stones, are accumulations of crystallized minerals that form in the urinary tract. Urolithiasis is the disease that occurs because of the formation of uroliths in the urinary tract.
Uroliths can be found in the kidneys, ureter (the tube that leads from the kidney to the bladder), bladder or urethra (opening from the bladder to the exterior of the body). Uroliths form when conditions in the urinary tract cause the minerals in the urine to solidify and form concretions of sand, stones or calculi.
What to Watch For
Straining to urinate
Blood in the urine
Urine dribbling
Malodorous urine
Wet fur around the rear end and back legs
Swollen abdomen
Painful abdomen
Hunched stance with the back arched
Excessive grooming of the area around the rear
Depression
Loss or appetite
Weight loss
Unsuccessful attempts to urinate
If these changes are noted, seek veterinary care immediately. Many guinea pigs with uroliths may appear normal.
Diagnosis
History, particularly of the diet, and physical examination
Complete blood count
Blood chemistries
Urinalysis
Cytology (microscopic evaluation of urine)
Culture of urine and antimicrobial sensitivity testing
Radiographs (X-rays)
Ultrasound
Treatment
Placement of a catheter through the urethra
Surgical removal of the uroliths
Systemic antibiotics
Fluids and supportive nutrition
Home Care and Prevention
On a daily basis, monitor fecal and urine output to assure proper food and water consumption and digestion. Monitor weight daily.
If surgery was performed, monitor and/or treat incision line as directed by your veterinarian.
Make sure your guinea pig always has a plentiful supply of clean fresh water. Feed fresh pelleted foods specifically designed for guinea pigs
