Metoclopramide HCl (Reglan®) for Dogs and Cats

Overview of Metoclopramide for Cats and Dogs

Metoclopramide, commonly known by the brand name Reglan®, is a prescription medication used to treat vomitingand gastrointestinal disorders in pets. Veterinarians often prescribe metoclopramide to help manage nausea, reflux, and slowed digestion. This medication works by blocking dopamine in certain areas of the brain, creating a strong anti-vomiting effect.

In addition to its impact on the brain, metoclopramide stimulates muscle contractions in the stomach and upper small intestine. These contractions help move food through the digestive tract without increasing the secretion of digestive enzymes. The drug also strengthens the lower esophageal sphincter, helping to prevent stomach acid from backing up into the esophagus—a condition known as gastroesophageal reflux. Because of these combined effects, Reglan for dogs and cats is often used to restore normal motility when stomach or intestinal movement is abnormally reduced.

Although the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not formally approved metoclopramide for use in animals, it is legally prescribed by veterinarians as an extra-label drug. It is only available through a veterinarian or with a veterinary prescription.

Brand Names and Formulations

Metoclopramide is registered for human use under several brand names, including Reglan® (Robins), Maxolon® (Beecham), Octamide® (Adria), and Reclomide® (Major), along with various generic versions. There are currently no veterinary-specific formulations of metoclopramide on the market, but veterinarians safely prescribe human versions for use in pets.

Uses of Metoclopramide for Dogs and Cats

Metoclopramide for dogs and cats is primarily prescribed to treat or prevent vomiting. It may be used to manage nausea caused by metabolic diseases like kidney failure, gastrointestinal inflammation (gastroenteritis), or as a supportive therapy during chemotherapy. Veterinarians also use it for pets with reflux disease, as it helps protect the esophagus from acid damage.

This medication can also be beneficial for pets recovering from surgery, particularly when gastrointestinal motility is reduced. In dogs, metoclopramide has additional applications, such as stimulating milk let-down and promoting lactation in nursing mothers.

How Metoclopramide Works in Pets

Understanding how metoclopramide works can help pet owners see why veterinarians prescribe it for certain digestive problems. The drug’s effects occur in two main ways—centrally (in the brain) and peripherally (in the digestive tract). In the brain, metoclopramide blocks dopamine receptors in a part of the nervous system that triggers nausea and vomiting. This action helps reduce the sensation of nausea and prevents vomiting signals from reaching the stomach.

In the digestive system, metoclopramide increases the tone and movement of the upper gastrointestinal tract, especially the stomach and small intestine. This means food moves more efficiently through the digestive system, which can be particularly helpful in pets with sluggish digestion, post-surgical recovery, or acid reflux. By tightening the lower esophageal sphincter, metoclopramide also minimizes regurgitation of stomach contents. Together, these effects make Reglan for dogs and cats a versatile medication that not only controls vomiting but also promotes smoother, more coordinated digestion.

Precautions and Possible Side Effects

When prescribed appropriately, metoclopramide is generally safe and effective. However, as with any medication, some pets may experience side effects. Animals with known allergies or sensitivities to the drug should not receive it.

Cats may occasionally develop unusual behavioral changes when taking metoclopramide, including restlessness or anxiety that may border on frenzied behavior. In both dogs and cats, mild sedation, constipation, or nausea can occur. Metoclopramide may also interact with other drugs such as cimetidine, tetracycline, insulin, diazepam, atropine, and digoxin. Always consult your veterinarian before combining it with other medications to ensure safe use.

Available Forms

Metoclopramide is available in several formulations, including 5 mg and 10 mg tablets, a 1 mg/ml oral syrup, and a 5 mg/ml injectable solution sold in various vial sizes. These options allow veterinarians to tailor the treatment method to your pet’s condition and preferences.

Metoclopramide Dosage for Dogs and Cats

The metoclopramide dosage for dogs and cats typically ranges from 0.1 to 0.2 mg per pound (0.2 to 0.5 mg/kg) given every six to eight hours. It may be administered orally, subcutaneously, or intravenously. In hospitalized dogs, veterinarians often add metoclopramide to intravenous fluids to prevent vomiting.

For lactating dogs, the dosage used to promote milk let-down is lower—between 0.05 and 0.1 mg per pound, given subcutaneously every 12 hours about 30 minutes before nursing. It’s generally recommended to give the medication 30 minutes before meals to enhance its effectiveness.

As with all prescription medications, the duration of treatment depends on your pet’s underlying condition, response to therapy, and any side effects that may develop. Always follow your veterinarian’s instructions closely and complete the full course of medication unless otherwise directed. Stopping treatment early may result in relapse or reduced effectiveness in future use.

If you’re concerned about the cost of ongoing medication, consider whether a pet insurance plan might help cover prescription expenses.