Banned Breeds: A State by State Guide (Updated for 2025)

Quick Answer: As of 2024, breed-specific legislation (BSL) is permitted or enacted in 21 U.S. states, while 13 states have laws prohibiting BSL entirely, and 16 others allow limited local exceptions. The top three most banned or restricted dog breeds are Pit Bulls (targeted in 96% of BSL ordinances), Rottweilers (13%), and wolf-dog hybrids (11%).

Navigating the maze of breed-specific legislation (BSL) in the United States can be daunting. These laws, varying significantly by state and municipality, target certain dog breeds in the name of public safety. The topic is polarizing, striking a chord with pet parents concerned about the implications for their furry family members.

This guide aims to demystify BSL, offering an in-depth look at where and how it's implemented. From understanding the basics of breed-specific laws to exploring the states with active legislation and those championing more inclusive approaches, we'll provide the clarity needed for responsible pet parenting in the face of these complex regulations.

What Is Breed Specific Legislation?

BSL refers to laws that restrict or outright ban the ownership of certain dog breeds deemed a higher risk for aggression or danger. The list of commonly targeted breeds includes:

• Pit Bull
• Bullmastiff
• American Staffordshire Terrier
• Belgian Malinois
• Dogo Argentino
• Doberman Pinscher
• Cane Corso
• German Shepherd
• Rottweiler
• Alaskan Malamute
• Siberian Husky
• Presa Canario
• Bull Terrier
• Staffordshire Bull Terrier
• Wolf Hybrids
• American Bulldog
• Akita
• Chow Chow

These breeds often face restrictions or bans due to perceptions about their temperament and physical capabilities.

BSL first came into being in the early 1980s after several fatalities occurred following attacks committed by dogs. The goal behind this legislation is to enhance public safety, but its effectiveness and fairness are subjects of ongoing debate.

Key BSL Terms

When it comes to conversations about BSL, it's vital to be familiar with a few key terms:

• BSL (Breed Specific Legislation): Laws targeting specific breeds for restrictions or bans.
• BDL (Breed Discriminatory Legislation): Another term for BSL, emphasizing its discriminatory aspect.
• APBT (American Pit Bull Terrier): A breed frequently affected by BSL.
• HB (House Bill)/SB (Senate Bill): Proposed legislation in the lower/upper houses of a legislative body.
• Grandfather Clause: Allows pre-existing local laws to continue even after new state-level BSL bans.
• Home Rule Exception: Enables municipalities to enact their own laws, even if state-level legislation exists.

Understanding these terms is crucial for pet parents to deal with the legal landscape surrounding BSL and advocate for fair and effective animal control policies.

Bans vs. Restrictions

BSL can manifest as outright bans or specific restrictions aimed at mitigating potential risks. Common restrictions under BSL include:

• Muzzling the dog while in public
• Spaying or neutering the dog
• Containing the dog in a specified kennel with predetermined features such as concrete floors and chain-link walls
• Keeping the dog on a leash of a predetermined size
• Purchasing liability insurance of a predetermined amount
• Hanging “vicious dog” signs at the place of residence
• Having the dog wear a “vision dog” tag or identifying marker

These measures are intended to promote public safety while allowing pet parents to maintain ownership of their pets under controlled conditions.

U.S. Breed-Specific Legislation: State-by-State Guide

Breed-specific legislation (BSL) remains a contentious topic in the United States, with laws varying widely from one state to another. While some states permit local governments to enact restrictions on certain dog breeds—often those perceived as dangerous—others have moved to prohibit such regulations in favor of breed-neutral laws. The table below provides a clear breakdown of each state’s stance on BSL, along with any notable exceptions or allowances.

Expert Organizations Oppose Breed-Specific Laws

Leading animal welfare and veterinary organizations, including the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) and the ASPCA, oppose breed-specific legislation. Both groups advocate for breed-neutral, behavior-based approaches to dog regulation, emphasizing responsible ownership, education, and enforcement of leash and licensing laws over banning specific breeds.

Breed-Specific Legislation FAQs

Is my Pit Bull banned in Florida?

No, Florida prohibits breed-specific legislation at the state level. However, some local governments enacted BSL before the state law passed and may still enforce older ordinances, so it’s important to check with your local authorities.

Can I own a Rottweiler in a state that allows BSL?

It depends on the specific city or county laws. States that allow BSL give local governments the authority to ban or restrict certain breeds, including Rottweilers—so ownership legality varies by location.

How do I contest a local breed ban?

To challenge a local breed ban, you can attend city council meetings, work with animal advocacy groups, present evidence of breed-neutral safety data, and consult legal experts familiar with dog ownership rights and municipal law.

Are service dogs exempt from breed bans?

Yes, under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), service dogs are typically exempt from breed-specific bans regardless of local legislation, provided they are trained to perform a specific task for a person with a disability.

What should I do if I move to a state or city with BSL?

Before relocating, research both state and local laws concerning dog ownership. If your breed is restricted, you may need to register your dog, meet special requirements (like muzzling or insurance), or reconsider your housing options.

What's Next in Navigating Breed-Specific Legislation?

For the most up-to-date information on breed specific legislation, we recommend the BSL Census, which is continually updated with news and notifications, including repeals and implementation of breed specific legislation.